Overview

Difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, can affect people of all ages but is more common among older adults. It may present as a feeling of food being stuck in the throat, coughing or choking during meals, or pain while swallowing. For some, it develops gradually and worsens over time. For others, it occurs suddenly. Although it may seem like a minor problem, dysphagia can signal a more serious condition and should never be ignored, especially when it becomes persistent or recurring.

When to See a Doctor

You should see a doctor if:

  • Swallowing becomes painful or challenging regularly.
  • You feel like food or liquid is stuck in your throat or chest.
  • You’re losing weight without trying.
  • You avoid specific foods because you’re afraid of choking or discomfort.
  • You often cough or clear your throat while eating.

As a gastroenterologist in Plano, TX, Dr. Matthew Eidem specializes in disorders of the esophagus and digestive system. Many causes of dysphagia originate from the esophagus, making a GI specialist the most qualified doctor to evaluate your symptoms. Dr. Eidem can perform targeted diagnostic tests and offer advanced treatments that are typically not accessible through primary care.

When to Go to the ER

Dysphagia may sometimes indicate a medical emergency. Seek emergency care if:

  • You suddenly cannot swallow at all.
  • You are drooling or having trouble controlling your saliva.
  • You are choking or struggling to breathe.
  • You think food is stuck in your throat or chest and won’t go down.
  • You have sudden and intense chest pain when swallowing.

These symptoms could signal a full blockage or a serious injury that needs immediate care.

Complications if Left Untreated

If dysphagia is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including:

  • Malnutrition or dehydration caused by avoiding food and drink.
  • Aspiration pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening infection caused by inhaling food or liquid into the lungs.
  • Unintentional weight loss.
  • Esophageal damage due to prolonged irritation or inflammation.
  • Social isolation or anxiety about eating in public or around others.

Seeking early evaluation from a GI doctor can help prevent these issues and restore safe, comfortable swallowing.

Diagnosis

Accurately diagnosing dysphagia begins with a thorough medical history and physical exam. Depending on your symptoms, your gastroenterologist may recommend:

  • Upper Endoscopy (EGD): Uses a camera to examine the esophagus and identify inflammation, narrowing, or structural abnormalities.
  • Barium Swallow: A specific X-ray test that shows how food and liquids pass through your esophagus.
  • Esophageal Manometry: Measures the muscle contractions and pressure in your esophagus during swallowing.
  • pH Monitoring: Assesses if acid reflux is causing symptoms.

These tests help identify whether the issue is caused by muscle dysfunction, obstruction, inflammation, or another factor.

Treatments

Treatment varies based on the underlying cause of your dysphagia and may include:

• Dietary Adjustments: Soft or pureed foods might be recommended temporarily as the esophagus recovers.
• Medications: Used to reduce acid reflux, treat inflammation, or address underlying allergies.
• Esophageal Dilation: A safe outpatient procedure that enlarges narrowed sections of the esophagus.
• Swallowing Therapy: For patients with muscle or nerve problems, working with a speech-language pathologist can enhance swallowing safety.
• Botox injections or surgery can be used for conditions like achalasia that affect esophageal muscles.

Your treatment plan will be personalized based on your specific diagnosis and symptoms.

Causes

Dysphagia can be caused by many factors, including:

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Ongoing acid exposure can cause inflammation or scarring of the esophagus.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE): An allergic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the esophagus.
  • Esophageal strictures or rings: Narrowed areas that hinder food from passing.
  • Achalasia: A rare disorder in which the muscles of the esophagus don’t function properly.
  • Neurological Conditions: Stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or ALS can impair the nerves and muscles used in swallowing.
  • Esophageal Cancer: May cause progressive swallowing difficulty, often starting with solid foods.
  • Infections or Trauma: These can irritate or harm the esophagus, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

A thorough evaluation can help eliminate serious conditions and direct appropriate treatment.

Prevention Tips

While not all causes of dysphagia can be prevented, you can lower your risk by using the following strategies:

  • Control acid reflux through lifestyle adjustments and medications if necessary.
  • Chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly to lower the risk of choking.
  • Avoid eating while lying down and wait at least 2–3 hours after meals before reclining.
  • Stay hydrated to support swallowing and digestion.
  • Seek prompt medical attention if you notice changes in swallowing, voice, or appetite.

Preventive care and early diagnosis are key to avoiding long-term complications.

Don’t Ignore Swallowing Difficulties

If you’re having trouble swallowing that doesn’t improve or is getting worse, don’t ignore it. Evaluating the issue early with a GI specialist can significantly aid in diagnosing and treating it effectively.

Schedule a consultation today at our Plano gastroenterology office by calling 972-867-0019 or request an appointment online to find the answers and relief you need.